Worldwide

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Amnesty International UK Children's Human Rights Network

Publications

A Fair Chance at Life: Why Equity Matters for Child Mortality
This new report from Save the Children, A Fair Chance at Life, draws attention to one of the mostpressing development challenges of our age - thetoll of preventable child deaths in the world'spoorest countries, which in 2008 claimed nearly9 million lives. The report shows that an intensified effort toreduce child mortality can succeed only if equity isput front and centre.

A Last Resort: the growing concern about children in residential care
1In the West, abuse of children in residentialhomes continues to be reported and has longtermconsequences for the affected children. Insub-Saharan Africa the use of residential careappears to be increasing because of the deathsof parents from HIV/AIDS. Asia is beginningto face similar issues. Armed conflict kills parents,separates children from families and necessitatesurgent solutions to childcare problems. In formersocialist countries, the new governments have toovercome the legacy of large, resource-consuminginstitutions that are not an answer to childcareand child protection problems.This paper sets out the International Save theChildren Alliance's position on the residentialcare of children and highlights concerns about itsgrowing use. Its aim is to draw attention to an areathat has largely been ignored as a rights issue forinternational attention and action.

A Plea for a Child-Centred Approach in Research with Street Children
The public image of street children takes little account of root causes of the problem of their own perception of the realities of their lives. Their relationship to urban life is seldom analysed and it is rare to see street girls mentioned without a link being made between their lives on the street and prostitution. A plea is made for a more child-centred, participatory approach to research with street children and some recent examples of this kind of work are discussed.

A Tool for Change? Reporting to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child
A Tool for Change? summarises Save the Children's experience in reporting on the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. It includes proposals for how the Committee on the Rights of the Child, States and NGOs can work together to improve the reporting process and increase children's participation in it. And there are tips for other NGOs about how to approach the reporting process.It looks at reporting to the Committee in eight countries: Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Lao PDR, Lesotho, Cambodia, Tajikistan, Ghana and the UK.

A Workshop Report on Child Participation in the UN Study on Violence Against Children
A report of a workshop dealing with the issue of violence against children in a way that regards them as participants and agents of social change rather than passive victims in need of protection.

Advocacy Strategies Training Manual: Children's Rights in Juvenile Justice
This manual aims to provide users with step by step practical advice for advocacy for juvenile justice reform and building up a strategy for children's rights in juvenile justice.  It adapts and makes best use of the good practices already developed for the child rights advocacy and illustrates how they can be used to ensure follow-up to the Committee on the Rights of the Child's General Comment No. 10 on Children's rights in Juvenile Justice, THE authoritative guidelines written by the Committee on the Rights of the Child for States parties. This manual provides step by step strategic plans, case studies, and real life examples.  It also gives advice on how to assist your organisation in planning and coordinating strategies with other partners at the highest in-country level possible.

All our children: human rights and children of the street
A short article on children's rights and how access to basic means of survivial is threatened in the case of street children.

All Together Now! Community Mobilisation for HIV/AIDS
A toolkit produced by Aids Alliance for people engaged in supporting community action on AIDS in developing countries.

An Outside Chance: Street Children and Juvenile Justice
In many countries around the world children who live and work on the streets are particularly vulnerable to human rights violations in juvenile justice systems: they are highly likely to come into contact with the criminal justice system in the first place, and they are less able to defend themselves from abuse once within the system. These children are discriminated against and have their rights violated because they are poor. This publication aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the causes and consequences of street children's involvement in criminal justice systems in a wide range of countries. It is aimed at anyone with an interest in these issues and in particular: policy-makers in relevant government departments; personnel working in the various branches of the justice system; NGOs working with street children and/or on juvenile justice issues; academics; human rights lobbyists; public and private donors; and actors in the UN and regional human rights systems.

Away from Home: Protecting and supporting children on the move
This report look at why children move, the risks they face, and how policy-makers and service-providers can protect them more effectively.Drawing on the experiences of children themselves, Away from Home provides vital insights into why children move and the risks they face. It looks at how policy-makers and service-providers can support children who are on the move, including tackling the worst forms of children's movement and exploitation. It argues that child protection systems and other services, as well as migration policies, need to be adapted so that they work for children on the move.

Background Paper on Street Children and Violence
The Consortium for Street Children is a group of 35 NGOs working with street-living and street-working children and children at risk of taking to street life in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Eastern and Central Europe. This paper offers a brief overview of the prevalence and different forms of violence against street children, in the context of the international human rights framework. The paper is based on a presentation given to the UN Commission on Human Rights, 57th session.

Believers and Skeptics: A rights based perspective to working with street children
I am writing this in Ghana, in the wake of two other recent trips to the Philippines and Kenya as part of a project on street children and juvenile justice. The collection of personal thoughts and questions that follows is a recurring attempt to reconcile the academic ‘rhetoric' with the ‘reality' experienced by street children and the organizations that work with them.

Better Care Network Toolkit
The Better Care Network Toolkit has been created for people who want to know how to implement better care at policy and practice levels. It is for social and community professionals and paraprofessionals; trainers of staff and caregivers working with children; caregivers and those working in care settings; children and young people in care; and policy level staff in government or non-governmental organizations who are in a position to influence policy development and resource allocation for children who require alternative care. The BCN Toolkit has been developed to support practitioners and policymakers around the world in planning for and delivering better care for children-including family strengthening and out of home placement. It contains a selection of practical guides and manuals, chosen as examples of good practices and for their global relevance particularly for low resource settings. They cover the types of policies required to support a quality care system, and practice guidance and tools for the delivery of alternative care.

Between Running Away and Eviction: The Child Leaving for the Street
Domestic violence and poverty are so widespread and pervasive that they touch households in every society in every part of the world, though they do not compel a child to leave home in every case. This study is an investigation of the other intervening factors that create street children.

Calling for a UN Special Rapporteur on Street Children
  A ‘Special Rapporteur' is an individual appointed by the UN Commission on Human Rights to monitor a specific subject-area on a world-wide scale. They are created in response to situations which are considered to be of sufficient concern to require an in-depth study.

Changing Paradigms for working with street youth: The experience of Street Kids International
The United Nations estimates 100 million street youth across theglobe. They are products of poverty, war, urbanization, politicalinstability, family breakdown, and HIV/AIDS, among others. Many arenot homeless, but primary income earners for their extended families.Many participate in the sex and drug trade because of limited incomegeneration alternatives. How can we support these youth and increasetheir opportunities while respecting them as independent actors intheir own lives? Street Kids International suggests a critical paradigmshift as the basis for being responsive and effective and describes itsapproaches for working with street youth as participants and assetswithin their present communities.

Child Labour in the Informal Urban Sector: from individual working children to a national plan
The following report is the result of a workshop held in September 1999 entitled ‘Child Labour in the Informal Urban Sector'.   According to UNICEF, the informal urban sector is to be the fastest growing area of child labour in the world today.

Child Labour Today
This report, the third in the series, exposes the exploitation of children asworkers. Here we explain the nature and scale of the problem and the growinginternational concern to eradicate the worst abuses. The report describes casesfrom around the world of children who start work instead of attending school,of those whose lives are endangered by their work, and of children who aretreated as if they were items to be bought or sold, rather than as humanbeings. It also brings the picture closer to home and looks at the exploitation ofchildren at work in the United Kingdom. It reports on the experiences ofprofessionals involved in the field, and the opinions of British childrenthemselves, gathered in a unique survey. The report also reveals how foreignnational children are brought into the UK specifically to be exploited asworkers, in homes as well as restaurants, factories and farms. It looks at theserious inadequacies of the protection currently available, particularly forchildren brought to the UK especially to be exploited, and recommends actionto be taken. This report also describes some of UNICEF's current initiatives to advocate forthe rights of the world's 350 million child and youth workers and to protectthem against abuse at work, as well as pinpointing the action needed to endthe economic exploitation of children.

Child Protection Information Sheet: Children in Conflict with the Law
A child protection information sheet outlining UNICEF's aims to protect the rights of children who come into contact with the juvenile justice system.

Children - Not Soldiers: Guidelines for working with child soldiers and children associated with fighting forces
This book provides guidance on supporting children involved in armed conflict, including demobilisation, reintegration and avoiding re-recruitment.

Children and Participation: Research, monitoring and evaluation with children and young people
This report explains how to enable children and young people to participate in research, monitoring and evaluation. It covers the basics (such as ethics, child protection and inclusion) and presents a range of research methods and tools you can use. There are case studies from programmes around the world, and a list of key texts if you want to find out more about specific aspects of participation.   

Children at Risk: Focus on Street Children
An activity guide for the Lion's Clubs focusing on street children

Children: Seen, Heard, Speaking, Safe
Teaching material developed for Canadian students by Streetkids International on general issues surrounding children's rights and street children.

Conflict in the neighbourhood: Street and working children in the public space
A global report on the conflict that street children experience in their relations with the police and members of the public.

Consortium for Street Children submission to UN Committee on the Rights of the Child: Violence Against Children Within the Family
A report produced by the CSC to bring to the attention of the committee the complex role that violence plays in the lives of many street children and its importance as a factor in the migration onto the streets.

Consortium for Street Children written submission
A written submission produced by CSC to the United Nations Economic and Social Council Commission on Human Rights drawing attention to the abuses of street youth within  the juvenile justice system.

Count Every Child: The Right to Birth Registration
This report documents Plan's ground-breaking work with children, parents, communities, partners and governments throughout the birth registration campaign. It examines the issues and the impact of non-registration for children today and in the future, and highlights the challenges faced in achieving birth registration for every child. The report shares the learning and successes achieved by Plan and the organisation's many partners in overcoming these obstacles.The aim of this report is to help future campaigners to build on our knowledge and many examples of good practice. Plan encourage you to replicate and adapt the campaign's successes, to ensure that the right to birth registration becomesa reality for all children.

Creating Partnerships with Working Children and Youth
If children do not have voice, they cannot be heard. And, if we are to fully understandchild labor, working children and youth should speak out on their situation. While inrecent years this observation (that it is necessary to include the perspective of workingchildren and youth as well as that of their families) is increasingly accepted, themechanisms for doing so are not well established. This paper by Per Miljetieg reviewshow organisations assisting working children and youth can include working children andyouth in efforts to reduce the adverse effects of child labor and child labor per se.

DCOF Building Bridges to Mainstream Opportunities: Displaced Children & Orphans Fund Guidance on Funding Priorities and Parameters for Street Children Programming
This guidance document comprises five sections, each of which highlights one of Five Key  Factors for Success in street children programming that DCOF identified during its internal review process. These Five Key Factors for Success draw on DCOF's desk review of available literature and studies, on discussions with DCOF's lead implementing partners of street children programming, and, on field visits by staff to numerous street-children-serving projects supported by DCOF. This work has fallen under DCOF's overarching Congressional mandate to develop and support programs and methodological approaches that strengthen the capacity of families and communities to provide the necessary care, protection, and support for diverse populations of displaced children and orphans.

DFID: Aid, education and conflict-affected countries
Education is a basic human right for every child, yet children in conflict-affected fragile states are less likely than other children around the world to have the chance to go to school. It is within the power of institutions like the UK's Department for International Development (DFID) to alter this injustice and create greater educational opportunities for these children. This briefing analyses DFID's support for education in conflict-affected fragile states and compares this to its support for other low-income countries.It reviews DFID's performance in recent years and considers where the UK government stands within the global picture of development and humanitarian funding for conflict-affected fragile states and low-income countries. Finally, it makes recommendations on the way forward in terms of investing in education in conflict-affected fragile states.

Each and Every Child: Understanding and Working with Children in the Poorest and most Difficult of Circumstances
This report discusses the challenges that confront Plan and other child-focusedorganisations as they seek to assist those children whose rights are most violatedand who are living in some of the poorest and most difficult situations in theworld. Organisations have mainly worked with these children according todifferent categories, such as street children, children in conflict with the lawand children in the worst forms of child labour. However, many children havemultiple problems and belong to more than one category or move betweencategories over time. Many of the root causes and factors that impact on thelives of these children are similar. There is therefore the need to develop amore holistic approach, particularly in terms of prevention. This report proposesa framework that can help staff think about working with these groups of childrenfrom an integrated child centred and rights based development perspective.

Early Childhood Matters: Responses to Young Children in Post-emergency Situations
Early Childhood Matters is a journal focusing on the development of children from a psychosocial perspective. This particular issues deals with children affected by emergency situations, be they man-made or natural, in which they are faced with being unprotected and homeless.

Economic Livelihoods for Street Children: A Review
Today, more and more children and youth around the world find themselves with no choicebut to make a living for their own survival and often that of their families, thereby assumingroles traditionally played by their parents. Various factors have been contributing to theincrease in their numbers. The most important is the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In Sub-SaharanAfrica, where the epidemic is having a critical impact, more than 3.5 million children underthe age of 15 have lost both parents to AIDS and 13 million have lost at least one (Wax,2003). In these heavily affected countries, HIV/AIDS orphans are expected to number 25million by 2010 (USAID, 2002). In addition, HIV/AIDS has made more children vulnerable,as they care for sick parents, take on adult responsibilities, and live in weakened families andcommunities.The HIV/AIDS Response Team of Development Alternatives Inc. decided to review thelessons learned from economic livelihood programs aimed at improving the economic futureof participating street children and youth around the world: programs like vocational training,production workshops, apprenticeship programs, entrepreneurship development training, andmicrocredit schemes. This report presents those lessons-both positive and negative.

Ending Violence Against Women and Girls-Protecting Human Rights
A report on the phenomenon of violence against women and girls as a reflection of a global gender imbalance, with cases in Afria, Asia and Latin America.

Enhanced Protection for Children Affected by AIDS
A companion paper to the framework for the protection, care and support of orphans and vulnerable children living in a world with HIV and AIDS

Epidemiology and Management of Common Skin Diseases of Children in Developing Countries.
A general paper on skin diseases afflicting children in the developing world, who are far more likely to be vulnerable if they are living on the streets in conditions of poor hygiene and sanitation.

Facilitation Manual: Integrating Gender into HIV/AIDS Programmes
Guide to a course produced to give participants some understandings of the linkages between gender and HIV/AIDS in programmes for vulnerable youth.

Fortaleciendon Vinculos de la Comunidad Eduacativa: Por Una Educacion Inclusiva - Guia Metodologica

Growing up alone: the hidden cost of poverty
Growing up alone: the hidden cost of disease, poverty and war is a UK committee for UNICEF campaign aiming to raise awareness of the worldwide phenomenon of children growing up alone.This publication, the first of three, considers the underlying socio-economic causes that lead to children growing up alone and examines existing UNICEF programmes designed to support children on their own. It sets out an agenda for action to protect the rights of children growing up alone and to support families whose children are at risk.

Guide to Mobilising and Strengthening Community-Led Care for Orphans and Vulnerable Children

HIV Prevention with Especially Vulnerable Young People: Case Studies of Success and Innovation
In 2004, it was estimated that up to 6,000 young people between the ages of 15 and24 years were being infected by HIV every day, bringing the total number of youngpeople living with HIV/AIDS to 10 million . In 2004, the World Health Organisation's Department of HIV/AIDS and the UK Departmentfor International Development (DfID) supported the Safe Passages to Adulthood programmeto develop a joint publication entitled HIV/AIDS prevention and care for especially vulnerable young people: a framework for action. This offers a straightforward guide to priority setting,outlining five core principles underpinning effective HIV/AIDS prevention programming withyoung people.

HIV/AIDS: Addressing the educational needs of orphans of vulnerable children
This paper was developed by the workinggroup on education and HIV/AIDS andsummarises issues raised from a meeting inLondon on 10 December 2003.

In Best or Vested Interests?
A critical paper on the practice of family reunification, and the circumstances in which it might or might not be in the best interests of street children.

Keynote speech for the launch of 'Urban Girls: Empowerment in Especially Difficult Circumstances'
Keynote speech delivered by Cherie Booth QC, CSC Patron for the launch of 'Urban Girls: Empowerment in Especially Difficult Circumstances'

Learning to Listen: DFID Action Plan on Children and Young People's Participation 2004-5
A DIFID paper outlining the department's strategy for involving children and young people in the realisation of the Millenium Goals.

Life on the Streets: Children's Stories
Saturday 20 November is Universal Children's Day, a datedevoted to "the welfare of the children of the world", accordingto organisers the United Nations.To mark the day the BBC's language sites spoke to a number ofhomeless or underprivileged children. Included below are some of theirstories.

Life without Basic Service ''Street Children Say''
This study builds on the learning of Street Diary (Save the Children UK, 2001), giving theopportunity for a group of children to represent their own analysis of their situation. Itexamines the human and emotional dimension of life on the street. This is not astatistical or quantitative research but is representative of the feelings of children livingon the street about their lives and organisations working with them.

Living on the Edge: the experiences of detached young runaways
This report focuses upon the experiences ofyoung people who, whilst aged 15 or under,become detached from their carers and areaway from home for continuous periods of fourweeks or more.

Living Values: A Report Encouraging Boldness in Third Sector Organisations
A report produced by East London charity Community Links recommending a bold, effective working strategy for 'value-led' (Third or Charity Sector) organisations.

Making Schools Inclusive: How change can happen — Save the Children's experience
The most disadvantaged children are also the most likely to miss out on school. So how do you deliver good-quality, inclusive education for children from minority ethnic communities, disabled children, girls facing discrimination or children in conflict-affected settings? Drawing on Save the Children UK's extensive experience in this field, Making Schools Inclusive presents programme examples from 13 countries around the world. It describes case study programmes that:

Microfinance and street children: Is microfinance an appropriate tool to address the street children issue?
A paper focusing on the business tool of microfinance, and assessing it's potential to provide financial services to the poor by analysing it's usefulness in the issue of street children.

Missing: Children Without Parental Care in International Development Policy
20 years on from the adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, EveryChild warns there are at least 24 million children growing up without a parent and in poor countries their number is growing rapidly. Their report, ‘Missing: Children without parental care in international development policy' , warns that failure to keep children in families, out of residential institutions and off the streets, will be another barrier to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and condemn a generation of children to a life of abuse and neglect without the support and protection of parents. In this report, EveryChild calls on the UK government to mainstream children without parental care in UK international development policy and devote more resources to reducing the number of children without parental care in developing countries.

Mobility Mapping and Flow Diagrams: Tools for Family Tracing and Social Reintegration Work with Separated Children
A document outlining tools to be used to help children reunite with their families.

Networking for Policy Change: An Advocacy Training Manual

Opening Minds, Opening Up Opportunities: Children's participation in action for working children
This report summarises research findings about working children's participation in development projects in seven countries.This report presents the findings of case study research into the impact of working children's participation in projects in Bangladesh, Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras, India and Senegal. Research included consultation with children, and their views are presented. The report draws out lessons in order to formulate policy and good practice principles.

Organizational Capacity Index (OCI) Assessment Tool
The Global Fund for Children's metrics and data collection initiative aims to help GFC learn from andabout your organization and to improve the effectiveness of GFC's grantmaking relationship.Iisself-assessment does not in;uence decisions related to the grant proposal.The OCI tool is designed to help your organization assess its capacity in eight key areas:1) Planning2) Fundraising3) Governance4) Human Resource Development5) Financial Management6) Monitoring, Learning, and Evaluation (ML&E)7) Community and External Relations

Organizational Diagnosis for Advocacy
When groups are considering advocacy, it is helpful for them to assess what advocacy actually can offer their organization, what some of the benefits and risks might be and what organizational barriers might influence their success.

Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children: What role for social protection?
A report on the proceedings of a World Bank conference discussing orphans and vulnerable children and the role of governments, donor agencies and community organisations in intervention and targeting.

Parent Education and the protection of children at high risk: Learning from Experience
A paper recommending that organisations working with street chidren run parenting workshops in an attempt to alleviate the domestic pressures that lead to a child leaving home.

Partnerships to Create Child-Friendly Cities: Programming for Child Rights with Local Authorities
A global report on the ways local authorites can support the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child for urban children and adolescents.

Peer Education: Training of Trainers Manual
Peer education manuals have been developed in many countries around the world.In general they aim to provide guidelines for the training of peer educators orto propose ideas for activities that could be carried out in peer education projects withyoung people.This publication, however, focuses specifically on the training of trainers (ToT) of peereducators and provides an example of a training programme. The sample curriculumis based in part on experiences gained in a series of sub-regional training workshops inEastern Europe and Central Asia, organized by the Joint United Nations InteragencyGroup on Young People's Health Development and Protection in Eastern Europe andCentral Asia.

Physics for street children: an international, scientifically directed project
Physics for street children? Does that make sense? Don't street children need something else, something more fundamental? We also asked ourselves these questions when we were asked to take part in the project "Patio 13: School for Street Children" in Colombia. And whether that makes sense! Probably even much more so than we think in the meantime. The background of our project, "Physics for Street Children," is the interdisciplinary and international cooperation that has existed for several years within the framework of the project "Patio 13: School for Street Children" between the University of Education in Heidelberg and the Escuéla Normal Superior María Auxiliadora in Copacabana near Medellín, Colombia. One goal of this project is to develop, together with student teachers in Colombia, teaching and learning units appropriate for street children that the students can then themselves utilize in projects for street children. The development and implementation of these units are scientifically directed using qualitative methods.

Police Training on Child Rights & Child Protection: Lessons Learned and Manual
  Aims of this publication:To provide information to enable trainers to design, implement, monitor and evaluate effective and practical police training courses in relation to child rights and child protection.To gather and disseminate "lessons learned" in relation to police training on child rights and child protection from around the world.To promote policy recommendations for governments and police.To compile a list of resources and contacts working internationally in the field of police training on child rights and child protection.

Policy Brief: Children and Economic Growth
Policy Brief: Save the Children call on governments to recognise the need for growth, equity and poverty reduction to ensure children fully benefit from a country's economic growth.

Policy Brief: Children and Governance
Save the Children Policy Brief.  Children constitute a third of the global population yet remain invisible in debates about how countries are governed. Save the Children call for a focus on children to build more effective states around the world.

Policy Brief: Improving Accountability for Child Rights
Twenty years on from the signing of the UNCRC, Save the Children call for an international procedure to enable children to directly challenge violations of their rights

Policy Brief: Inclusive Education
At least 75 million primary-school-aged children around the world have never been to school. Most of these children aren't in school because they are poor, or because they are girls, have a disability or are from a minority ethnic group. More than half live in countries affected by conflict. Global efforts to get all children into school by 2015 will fail unless schools welcome and support the children who are missing out.This policy brief discusses:What's keeping children out of school? What do we mean by inclusive education? Existing commitments Current state of play What Save the Children is calling for

Policy Brief: Making Children's Rights a Reality
Save the Children Policy Brief. What Save the Children are calling for with regards to children's rights around the world.

Policy Brief: Why law matters for children's survival
States have a binding obligation, enshrined in international law, to respect, protect and realise children's right to survival. But in practice governments often violate this right.Every year 8.8 million children die before their fifth birthday. This is not inevitable. The life chances of children are heavily influenced by policy choices made by governments.This briefing shows how pushing for laws where they don't exist, and putting pressure on governments to enforce existing laws, can play an important role in improving children's:healthcare nutrition education access to water and sanitation protection from discrimination We're calling for the right of all children to survive and develop to be enshrined in legislation, and for relevant laws to be implemented.

Practice Standards in Children's Participation
This publication provide operational guidance on such issues as: an ethical approach to children's participation the incorporation of child protection concerns into participatory practice the creation of child-friendly environments where all children can participatethe importance of follow-up and evaluation.The practice standards can be used in a variety of ways:to help understand what 'meaningful participation' looks like to improve individual or organisational performance in children's participation to assess the quality of participation as part of a retrospective evaluation to identify skills or knowledge gaps and develop appropriate training.

Prevention, Protection and Recovery of Children from Commercial Sexual Exploitation
A global report on the sexual abuse of children and young people through commercial exploitation

Promoting and Protecting the Rights of Street Children
A summary of a panel discussion, participated in by the Consortium for Street Children at the UN General Assembly Special Session on Children on Promoting and Protecting the Rights of Street Children.

Protect for the Future: Placing Children's Protection and Care at the Heart of Achieving the MDGs
The evidence presented in this report clearly shows that the widespread abuse of children's rights to care and protection is in part responsible for hindering progress against the MDGs. These rights include a recognition of the central importance of family-based care for child wellbeing, and children's right to be free from violence, exploitation, abuse and neglect.

Providing Care for Immigrant, Homeless and Migrant Children
This policy statement, which replaces theretired statements "Health Care for Children of ImmigrantFamilies" (1997) and "Health Needs of HomelessChildren and Families" (1996), is a broader discussionand addresses not only immigrant but also homeless andmigrant child populations. It provides pediatricians withthe necessary framework for addressing underservedchildren: those who face substantial barriers that limitaccess to appropriate health care services. This statementsupports a community-based approach to health care deliveryto ensure that underserved children have a medicalhome.

Raising The Game: Mainstreaming Children's Rights
In commemoration of 20 years of the UNCRC, the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) today launched its 56th Briefing Paper, ‘Raising the game: mainstreaming children's rights'. Briefing Papers are one of ODI's flagship publications, providing key information, analysis and policy recommendations.  

Reaching All: Core principles for working with children associated with armed groups and forces
This report outlines the critical issues for children associated with armed groups and sets out our policy position.

Reaching Out-of-School Youth with Reproductive Health and HIV/AIDS Information Services
A paper that focuses on out-of-school youth who are disadvantaged through inadequate education about HIV/AIDS.

Reactive, Protective and Rights-Based Approaches in Work with Homeless Street Youth
Homeless children on the streets are one of the most disadvantaged sectors of urban youth.Their circumstances leave them without access to many of their human rights and excludedfrom mainstream society. Policies that affect these young people can range from broadbasedto targeted initiatives- each brings advantages and disadvantages. This paperdistinguishes three basic approaches that cut across this typology and describes howgovernments view and treat homeless street children. There are three main governmentalapproaches: reactive, protective and rights-based. The distinguishable impacts of eachtype of policy on the lives of homeless children who live in the streets are drawn out in thispaper. Broad-based initiatives within a rights-based governmental approach, into whichtargeted initiatives by civil society can be integrated, seem a potentially effectivecombination for including homeless street children as participants in the wider society.

Realising Rights Schools Pack
Resources pack for schools facilitating: 1. Advocacy and campaigning2. Youth Empowerment & Engagement3. FundraisingThe pack includes lesson plans designed to compliment the National Curriculum as well as activities and advocacy materials.

Reducing Child Poverty with Cash Tranfers: A Sure Thing?
Children are disproportionately represented among the income-poor, manysuffer from severe deprivation, and their poverty and vulnerability havecumulative and long-term consequences. This article provides acomparative examination of the poverty-reduction effectiveness of cashtransfer programmes targeting children, focusing on three types of suchprogrammes: the Child Support Grant in South Africa, family allowancesin transition countries, and targeted conditional cash transfer programmesin Latin America and the Caribbean. It finds that, despite differences indesign, cash transfer programmes targeting children in poor householdsare an effective way of reducing poverty.

Report for CSC on First World Congress on Restorative Juvenile Justice (RJJ), 4-9 November 2009 – Lima, Peru
Report on the First World Congress on Restorative Juvenile Justice (RJJ) held in Lima, Peru from the 4th - 9th December 2009. The report outlines key points from the conference and concludes by examining implications of the conference for the Consortium for Street Children and children in street situations.  

Reporting on Violence Against Children
A study produced by the NGO Group for the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in partnership with Save the Children and the African Child Policy Forum. It is a thematic guide, for NGOs adhering to the UN Convention that highlights the prevalence and impact of violence on children globally.

Resource Pack: Prevention of Street Migration
A research pack focusing on homeless street children who have no contact with their family whatsoever. It details case studies of this phenomenon and suggests intervention initiatives.

Rights of the Child
This report, which is based on the in-depth study of Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro,independent expert appointed by the Secretary-General pursuant to General-Assembly resolution 57/90 of 2002, provides a global picture of violence againstchildren and proposes recommendations to prevent and respond to this issue. Itprovides information on the incidence of various types of violence against childrenwithin the family, schools, alternative care institutions and detention facilities, placeswhere children work and communities. The Study is accompanied by a book whichprovides a more detailed account of the Study.

Rights of the Child Oral Submission for UNESC Commission on Human Rights
The Oral Submission made on behalf of the Consortium for Street Children at the United Nations Economic and Social Council Commission on Human Rights, addressing the problem of street children's rights abuses.

So you want to consult with children?: a toolkit of good practice
Useful ideas for involving children in discussions about decisions and issues that affect them

So you want to involve children in research?
A toolkit supporting children's meaningful and ethical participation in research relating to violence against children

State of the World's Street Children: Violence
The first ever global report on street children. The report aims to promote a better understanding of the lives of street children and encourage policy makers, activists, community leaders and service providers to take effective actions to prevent and reduce the violence experienced by street children.

State Violence Against Street Children
CSC written submission to the Committee on the Rights of the Child, focusing specifically on cases of violence against street children perpetrated by state or government institutions.

Street Children and AIDS: Is postponement of sexual involvement a realistic involvement a realistic alternative to the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases?
This paper discusses the special risks faced by street children in contracting AIDS or other sexually transmitted diseases. It outlines the health risks to which street children are exposed and the reasons for these not being addressed. It discusses new approaches to informing the street children about the risks they face and equipping them with the knowledge and motivation to face such risks.

Street Children and Drug Abuse: Social and Health Consequences
This paper is the result of a collaboration between the World Health Organization's Department for Child and Adolescent Health and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The WHO Street Children project was launched with the overall aim of improving health, welfare and quality of life of street youth with a particular aim of alleviating substance abuse and the associated health risks.

Street Children in the Developing World: A Review of their Condition
The article reviews the literature on street children and points out why there are street childrenin certain cultures and not in others. The reasons for their existence are related to poverty,abuse, and modernizing factors. Street children are defined and distinguished from working andrefugee children. Details about the family structure of street children are given. How the childrencope and their level of psychological functioning are discussed. The article gives reasons for whythe children are treated with such violence and gives attention to methodological researchproblems that include the children's ability to distort information, the researcher's proclivity tounder- or overestimate the children's emotional condition, distortions of facts created by thepress and international organizations, and general cross-cultural research issues.

Street Children, Drugs and HIV/AIDS: The response of preventive education
A paper outlining the circumstances under which street children contract HIV/AIDS and take drugs, and then the preventive educational measures that must be put in place.

Street Children, Human Rights and Public Health: A Critique and Future Directions
This review presents a critique of the academic and welfare literatureon street children in developing countries, with supporting evidence from studies ofhomelessness in industrialized nations. The turn of the twenty-first century has seena sea change of perspective in studies concerning street youth. This review examinesfive stark criticisms of the category "street child" and of research that focuses on theidentifying characteristics of a street lifestyle rather than on the children themselvesand the depth or diversity of their actual experiences. Second, it relates the change ofapproach to a powerful human rights discourse-the legal and conceptual frameworkprovided by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child-which emphasizeschildren's rights as citizens and recognizes their capabilities to enact changein their own lives. Finally, this article examines literature focusing specifically on therisks to health associated with street or homeless lifestyles. Risk assessment that assignsstreet children to a category "at risk" should not overshadow helpful analyticalapproaches focusing on children's resiliency and long-term career life prospects. Thisreview thus highlights some of the challenging academic and practical questions thathave been raised regarding current understandings of street children.

Street Children, Juvenile Justice and Mental Disability
[NOTES TAKEN FROM THE REPORT ON "STREET CHILDREN AND THEJUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN LAGOS STATE", HUMAN DEVELOPMENTINITIATIVES AND CONSORTIUM FOR STREET CHILDREN, JANUARY 2004]NOTES TAKEN FROM THE NATIONALWORKSHOP ON THEHUMAN RIGHTS OF STREET CHILDREN WITHIN THE JUVENILEJUSTICE SYSTEM IN NIGERIA: THE CASE OF LAGOS STATEJUNE 2 - 4, 2003 LAGOS

Street Children: Occupiers of the Invisible Space
Paper prepared for the Socio Design Foundation, ‘Fostered: Space for the Homeless Child' by Anne Louise Meincke, Advocacy Manager for the Consortium for Street Children. The paper looks at ‘who' street children are as well as some of the key issues surrounding the increasing phenomenon street-involved children, including access to education, violence, HIV/AIDS and how their identities are shaped and constructed  

Street Children: Promising Practices and Approaches
In many regions of the world, the phenomenon of street children is unabated,while it is emerging in others where it was unknown so far. Behind childdisconnection lie highly vulnerable families and communities, many struggling tocome to terms with economic liberalization and growing inequality.Disconnection can also be traced to a lack of communication in the family and theweakening of social capital. Street children are an alarm signaling the dire needfor social development and poverty reduction policies to improve the situation inthe community at large, and to prevent more young people from becomingmarginalized. While preventive interventions are essential, those children alreadyfacing the hardships of street life need immediate opportunities for humandevelopment via special protection programs. This report distills the main lessonslearned from a number of programs that have attempted to meet the special needsof street children worldwide. Its purpose is to help potential donors understandactivities in this area and identify promising practices.

Technical Consultation of the Global Partners Forum on Children Affected by HIV and AIDS: Universal Access to Prevention, Treatment and Care
The third Global Partners' Forum (GPF) on Children affected by HIV and AIDS was, for the first time,preceded by a technical consultation of diverse stakeholders. The intention of this Consultation was tobring together technical expertise to address barriers to universal access of prevention, treatment and carefor children affected by HIV and AIDS. Ultimately this group of stakeholders would take forward clearactions in their own right, as well as submit recommendations for consideration by the subsequent GPF.The Consultation sought to move from rhetoric to action, by putting forward actionable, implementableand measurable interventions. It was for this purpose that some 130 representatives from academia, civilsociety, national governments, donors and the UN were brought together for two days on February 7 and8, 2006 in London, UK.

The Child Development Index: Holding Governments to account for children's wellbeing
Save the Children has developed the first ever global, multidimensional tool that enables us to monitor how individual countries are performing in relation to the wellbeing of their children - the Child Development Index. The Index will help to ensure that governments are held to account for the impact of their policies and priorities on children.

The End of the Line for Child Exploitation: Safeguarding the most vulnerable children
A global report on the sexual exploitation of children by foreign nationals in tourism destinations.

The evolution of NGO–government relations in education: ActionAid 1972–2009
This short contribution provides a brief history, touching on some of the key trends and turning points in ActionAid’s education work, and it documents the evolution of the relationship between ActionAid and governments. The story of ActionAid is illustrative in many ways of wider changes in the NGO sector since the early 1970s.

The Framework for the Protection, Care and Support of Orphans and Vulnerable Children Living in a World of HIV and AIDS
A paper put together with input from all sectors of society to create a framework for the growing crisis of children orphaned by HIV/AIDS, with the purpose of providing a common agenda for mounting a collective response.

The Right Not to Lose Hope: Children in conflict with the law-a policy analysis and examples of good practice
The Right Not to Lose Hope addresses the issues facingchildren who are in conflict with the law. Part 1 analysesthe experiences and situation of these marginalisedchildren. Rather than focusing solely on children in thejustice system, it looks at the broader context of thesechildren's lives - in particular, the failure of care andprotection systems and criminalisation of children'scoping strategies.The second part of the report looks at eight projectsaround the world that are working to support childrenin conflict with the law. It contains detailed case studiesof community-based responses in Honduras, Laos,the Philippines, Kenya, Ethiopia, China, Uganda, andBosnia and Herzegovina.This report was written as a contribution to the UNStudy on Violence Against Children. Its recommendationsto governments and other agencies look at the broadcontext of issues affecting children in conflict with thelaw, covering prevention, decriminalisation, diversion,the justice system, and reintegration and rehabilitation.

The Rights of Children Infected and Affected by HIV/AIDS: Trainers’ handbook
This handbook for trainers has 4 half-day training modules for those working with children affected by HIV and AIDS.The 4 training modules aim to:Raise awareness of the rights of children and youth, particularly as theyrelate to HIV/AIDS Develop an understanding of the ways in which children's and youth'srights are abused in the context of HIV and AIDS Enhance the capacity of children and youth, their care givers andservice providers to recognise and realise these rights and torespond to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in a rights based manner.The trainers' handbook is designed for trainers who conduct training (pre-serviceand in-service) for service providers working with children and youth infectedand affected by HIV/AIDS. The handbook is intended for use by trainers from allsectors, such as health, welfare and education, and from both government andnon-governmental organisations.

The State of the World's Children 2006: Excluded and Invisible
An issue of the annual UNICEF 'State of the World's Children' report, with an evaluation of worldwide progress on the Millenium Development Goals with a focus on excluded or marginalised children.

The State of the World's Children 2007: Women and Children. The Double Dividend of Gender Equality
The UNICEF report on the progress of Millenium Development Goals, with this issue focusing on gender inequality and the effect on children worldwide.

The State of the World's Children: Celebrating 20 Years of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
On 20 November 1989, the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Child. To commemorate this landmark, UNICEF dedicated a special edition of its flagship report, The State of the World's Children, to child rights. The report addresses the progress that has been made in the last 20 years and the role the Convention can fulfil moving forward into the future.

Violence Against Working Children: A Report on recent research relating to work that is harmful to children
This report looks at recent research and reports on ways in which children are harmed in the workplace and their rights are violated.

What’s the Difference? Implications of a child-focus in rights-based programming
There are significant challenges to applying rights based approaches when working with children rather than adults. A concept of ‘child rights programming' has emerged across the International Save the Children Alliance that seeks to take account of these differences. To date, relatively little has been written exploring the nature of these differences and their implications for programming. What's the Difference? highlights some of the challenges.

Working with Street Children: A Training Package on Substance Use, Sexual and Reproductive Health Including HIV/AIDS
This training package has been produced so that street educators are better equipped to respond to the needs of street children.

World Development Report 2007: Development and the Next Generation
World Bank 2007 annual report on issues of child poverty.

Written statement from Consortium for Street Children
Written submission by the CSC to the United Nations Economic and Social Council Commission on Human Rights, 59th session. It requests the urgent attention of the Commission on the continuing killing of children and youths under the age of 23 in Honduras.

Youth in Crisis: Coming of Age in the 21st Century
Across the globe, a generation of youth is rapidlyreaching adulthood bearing the tragic consequencesof their nations' worst problems. In this ‘Youthin Crisis' In-Depth, IRIN traces the impact of theevents shaping their lives, from the illegal forcedmarriage of teenage girls in Afghanistan and Ethiopia,to the tripling of school fees and the deterioratingeducation system in Zimbabwe.

Resources

CSC Statistic Sheet on Street Children
A collection of statistics relating to street-involved children.

Street Children: Occupiers of the Invisible Public Space
This paper was contributed by Louise Meincke, Advocacy Manager of CSC, to the Socio Design Foundation's 2010 paper and art series, entitled 'Fostered: Space for the Homeless Child'.The Socio Design Foundation aims to foster dialogue on the social impact of design, and the 2010 series includes a competition for designing, sketching and modelling architectural entries which try to understand and explore how sociology, psychology and architecture can improve the lives of children affected by displacement and homelessness.